Técnica holográfica permite obtener imágenes tridimensionales del interior de una cueva de grandes dimensiones

Un equipo del CSIC reproduce en hologramas el interior de la cueva asturiana Tito Bustillo

Un equipo del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) ha aplicado por primera vez la técnica holográfica para obtener imágenes tridimensionales del interior de una cueva de grandes dimensiones. En concreto, los hologramas recogen varias zonas representativas de la cueva Tito Bustillo, en Ribadesella (Asturias). Los primeros resultados del proyecto, denominado Imaginarte, se presentan mañana, vienes [a las 11:00 horas], en el interior de la propia cueva, en un acto presidido por la Consejera de Cultura, Comunicación Social y Turismo
del Principado de Asturias, Ana Rosa Migoya.
El investigador del CSIC y director del proyecto, Ramón Torrecillas, que trabaja en el Instituto Nacional del Carbón (CSIC), en Oviedo, señala la importancia del trabajo:”Hemos conseguido resolver una de las principales limitaciones de la holografía, la falta de profundidad. Al traspasar esta frontera, ha aumentado la espectacularidad de los hologramas, ya que el espectador observa realmente una imagen tridimensional”.
El equipo del CSIC, que incluye también a los investigadores Julio Ruiz y Luis Rovés, ha realizado ya tres hologramas de la cueva en placas (de 80 centímetros de ancho por 60 de largo, y un centímetro de espesor), además de en film (de un metro cuadrado). La utilización de esta técnica les ha de longitud.
Los investigadores del CSIC han desarrollado en el marco de este proyecto equipos y elementos ópticos específicos, para proteger y aislar el equipamiento de las condiciones ambientales extremas de la cueva, con un 95 % de humedad y 13º centígrados de temperatura.
“Realizar los hologramas en una cueva añade muchos problemas frente al trabajo habitual en el laboratorio. Hemos tenido que adaptar los equipos a las condiciones ambientales e innovar con distintos sistemas. Lo más complicado ha sido instalar un auténtico laboratorio de más de 700 kilos de peso dentro de una cueva”, detalla Torrecillas.

Figura 1: Holograma de una de las paredes de la cueva Tito Bustillo.

APLICACIONES DE LOS HOLOGRAMAS

Para el investigador del CSIC, la holografía tiene muchas aplicaciones en el campo museístico: “Hay muchas cuevas cerradas al público por temas de conservación, pero si se realizan hologramas, podrían compartir protagonismo con replicas o fotografías en los museos”. Y añade: “A diferencia de las réplicas, los hologramas pueden ser fácilmente trasportados, por lo que su
exposición en cualquier lugar es fácil y económica”.
El equipo del CSIC tiene previsto realizar hologramas de otros espacios singulares, tanto a nivel geológico como artístico. “En nuestros próximos proyectos utilizaremos hologramas más grandes que los actuales, para que se puedan componer a modo de gran mural o ventanas tridimensionales y puedan ser observados por un gran numero de espectadores al mismo tiempo”, concluye Torrecillas.

CSIC
NOTA DE PRENSA,
Madrid, 22 de marzo, 2007

Cave may hold missing link

"SCIENTISTS believe they may have found a new type of insect deep inside ancient Australian caves.

The Nocticola australiensise, which lives in 300 million-year-old limestone caves in northern Australia, is a small albino insect thought to be a type of cockroach since its discovery about 100 years ago.
But recent DNA testing of the eyeless and wingless creature has shown its genetic make-up is closer to the praying mantis than the cockroach.
Like the praying mantis, it also sits up higher on its front legs, and while breeding glues its egg case to objects, such as rocks. Cockroaches typically drop their egg cases on the ground. To further distance the creature from the average cockroach, testing for blattabacterium — a type of bacterium found in all cockroaches studied — showed no traces of the organism.
Lead author Dr Nate Lo, a University of Sydney biologist, said the findings had caught researchers by surprise, and suggested the insect was a missing link in the development of the praying mantis.
"It represents a kind of stepping stone between very primitive insects and praying mantids," he said. "Or it might be a completely new kind of insect."
Dr Lo plans to send specimens to a taxonomy expert in Germany for examination that could determine whether the albino cockroach is a new form of insect."

Text from: Theage.com.au

Mars Has Cave Networks, New Photos Suggest

Seven circular pits on the surface of Mars appear to be openings to underground caverns, researchers have announced.
The discovery of potential caves is exciting, the scientists said, because such underground formations may be the most promising places to look for signs of life.

Researchers were able to peer into the openings from far above, using visual and infrared imaging instruments aboard the Mars orbiter Odyssey.
No bottom is visible in six of the chambers. In the seventh, a section of cave floor illuminated by direct sunlight suggests a minimum depth of about 425 feet (130 meters).
Thermal scans helped establish that the holes are probably "skylight" openings to an underground cave system. Each skylight is 330 to 820 feet (100 to 250 meters) across.
A research team presented the discovery at a meeting of the Lunar and Planetary Institute last week in Houston.
Phil Christensen, of Arizona State University in Tempe, heads the thermal imaging project on Odyssey.
He noted that temperatures at the openings remained more constant than at surrounding areas exposed to Mars' bitter nighttime temperatures.
"These pits stay relatively warm at night," Christensen said. "That suggests we're looking down into a cavern that is trapping daytime heat."
To an observer on the Martian surface, he added, "it would be a pretty spectacular view. You could stand on the edge and look in, but I'm not sure you could see the bottom."
Pits and Tubes
The openings are scattered across several hundred kilometers on the side of Mars' second highest mountain, known as Arsia Mons, near Valles Marineris (see map of Mars).

(...)"

Full text & Image: News.nationalgeographic.com

Mysterious cave and grottos

"According to geologists, Vietnam has limestone groups which formed during the Mid-Cambri to Mid-Dev eras (about 500-520 million years ago).
Their formation created cave and grottos, which are from dozen to hundreds of metres deep and have simple and complicated compositions.
Examples are the Cong Nuoc Cave in Tam Duong, Lai Chau Province, 602m deep and the Phong Nha-Ke Bang system of caves and grottos in Quang Binh Province, several dozens of metres long.
Many big rocks have limestone artesian water running inside, creating gigantic underground rivers. The calcium precipitates (CaC03) in the caves and grottos create stalactites and stalagmites looking like bells, curtains, screens and pillars.

The Phong Nha system of caves and grottos has a total length of more than 40km. Phong Nha Cave alone is 7.7km long and consists of 14 separate caves created by limestone-dissolved underground rivers. In some places, the caves are connected and are above and below ground.
The limestone mountainous areas also have a unique and diverse ecological system with rare and precious fauna and flora. Now that the natural preservation and environmental protection have become important issues, these areas provide an opportunity to achieve a harmony between development and preservation.(...)"

Full text: http://www.nhandan.com.vn/english/travel/210307/travel_pic.htm

Mysterious cave and grottos

"According to geologists, Vietnam has limestone groups which formed during the Mid-Cambri to Mid-Dev eras (about 500-520 million years ago).
Their formation created cave and grottos, which are from dozen to hundreds of metres deep and have simple and complicated compositions.
Examples are the Cong Nuoc Cave in Tam Duong, Lai Chau Province, 602m deep and the Phong Nha-Ke Bang system of caves and grottos in Quang Binh Province, several dozens of metres long.
Many big rocks have limestone artesian water running inside, creating gigantic underground rivers. The calcium precipitates (CaC03) in the caves and grottos create stalactites and stalagmites looking like bells, curtains, screens and pillars.

The Phong Nha system of caves and grottos has a total length of more than 40km. Phong Nha Cave alone is 7.7km long and consists of 14 separate caves created by limestone-dissolved underground rivers. In some places, the caves are connected and are above and below ground.
The limestone mountainous areas also have a unique and diverse ecological system with rare and precious fauna and flora. Now that the natural preservation and environmental protection have become important issues, these areas provide an opportunity to achieve a harmony between development and preservation.(...)"

Full text: http://www.nhandan.com.vn/english/travel/210307/travel_pic.htm

Cave divers set record of 177m

"A team of international cave divers is celebrating after setting an Australasian record by diving to a depth of 177 metres in the Pearse Resurgence near Mount Arthur.

Dave Apperley, of Sydney, said one of the team's divers reached the record depth last week after spending 10 days diving in the system about 22km south-west of Motueka.
It was the seventh time Apperley had dived in the Pearse Resurgence and he was thrilled the group had surpassed the record of 125m below ground level he had set in the Pearse in 2003.
Apperley said diving in the Pearse system was fantastic because the caves were so large it was not claustrophobic.
It took Rick Stanton, of England, about 20 minutes to get down to 170m, but the ascent took six hours because it had to be done slowly to allow for decompression.
John Atkinson, of Christchurch, and Richard Harris and Craig Howell, from Australia, were the other divers in the team.
Oz Patterson, of Nelson, provided logistical support."

Text from: http://www.stuff.co.nz/stuff/4000851a7693.html

SBE Notícias nº45

Boletim eletrónico SBE Notícias (edição nº 45 - 21/03/2007)

Esta edição traz as seguintes matérias:

- Inclusão social na espeleologia: acessibilidade é avaliada no Núcleo Caboclos (PETAR-SP)
- Palestra na SBE sobre a Expedição Sagarana
- Pesquisas revelam cavernas em Marte
- IBAMA concede primeira licença pelo SISBIO
- Baixinhos eram os preferidos das mulheres pré-históricas
- Mosaico Sertão Veredas-Peruaçú terá Plano Diretor de Base Conservacionista
- PROCAD III - convocatória para expedição
- Caminhada contra barragem no Rio Ribeira
- Congresso de indicadores prorroga prazos
- Espeleoturismo está em consulta nacional
- Aquecimento Global
- 29° Congresso Brasileiro de Espeleologia
- Foto do Leitor: Gruta das Rãs (TO-59)


O boletim é editado em formato PDF no link:

http://www.sbe.com.br/sbenoticias/SBENoticias_045.pdf

NEUA

NEUA

Núcleo de Espeleologia da Universidade de Aveiro

foi fundado a 21 de Março de 1980

Aos seus fundadores, sócios e amigos,

os nossos Parabéns por mais um aniversário!

http://www.neua.org/menu/historial.htm

Cavers work to save Lake Cumberland creatures

"ORGANISMS SUCH AS CRAYFISH SUFFERING WITH LOWER WATER LEVEL

Most don't realize it, but the lowered water level of Lake Cumberland has affected an immense ecosystem below ground.
Those most familiar with this effect are cavers and environmentalists who spend their weekends crawling, climbing and sliding through the Sloans Valley Cave System in Pulaski County.
Several organisms, including bats, salamanders and fish and crayfish, live in the 26-mile-long cave system, which stays a constant 56 degrees throughout the year. These environmentalists are worried about the future of all the organisms living in the cave because the water levels will continually decrease for the next seven years, the length of the project to repair Wolf Creek Dam.
"Now that the Cumberlands is draining, it affects the whole ecosystem of the entire river," said Mary Zriny, an environmentalist who navigated through a part of the cave system yesterday. "So many things are dying."
Zriny joined with others to find some albino crayfish, 3-inch-long organisms that until recently lived in dense pools of water in the caves. The crayfish are getting stranded and dying as a result of the dried pools of water. Led by Robin Cooper, a University of Kentucky associate professor of biology, a group spent several hours gathering about 50 crayfish yesterday. The creatures will be kept in UK laboratories.
Officials with the Army Corps of Engineers plan to keep the surface of the lake at 680 feet above sea level this year to lower the risk of a breach in the dam while repairs are made. The normal summer level is 723 feet above sea level. That means the surface of the lake will cover about 38,000 acres this summer instead of the usual 50,000.
"We just feel a personal responsibility," said Hilary Lambert of the Kentucky Water Alliance and a member of the Bluegrass Grotto, a local caving group. "Even though it's not something we have to do, a whole bunch of people are upset about it. These crayfish live to be 40 or 50 years old; they're people." (...)"

Full text: Kentucky.com

'Cave entrances' spotted on Mars

Scientists studying pictures from Nasa's Odyssey spacecraft have spotted what they think may be seven caves on the surface of Mars.
The candidate caves are on the flanks of the Arsia Mons volcano and are of sufficient depth their floors mostly cannot be seen through the opening.
Details were presented here at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in Houston, Texas.
Temperature data from Mars Odyssey's Themis instrument support the idea.
The authors say that the possible discovery of caves on the Red Planet is significant.
The caves may be the only natural structures capable of protecting primitive life forms from micrometeoroids, UV radiation, solar flares and high energy particles that bombard the planet's surface.
The spacecraft spotted what seemed to be vertical "skylight" entrances to caves below the surface.
There is a sheer drop of between about 80m and 130m or more to the cave floors below. (...)

Full article: BBC

SBE notícias nº 44

Boletim eletrónico SBE Notícias (edição nº 44 - 11/03/2007)

Esta edição traz as seguintes matérias:
- 29º CBE recebe trabalhos até 31/03;
- PROCAD-III realiza nova expedição na semana santa;
- Palestra na SBE sobre a Expedição Sagarana;
- Legislação espeleológica em pauta;
- Cavernas do Brasil são destaque da revista Ciência Hoje;
- Lançamento: Ocorrência de itacoatiaras na Paraíba;
- Falece Vandir de Andrade: um dos precursores da espeleologia paulista;
- Ato público contra Tijuco Alto;
- Robô mergulhador explora profundas cavernas;
- Primeiro mapa geológico mundial;
- Foto do Leitor: Gruta do Paraíso (MG).

O boletim é editado em formato PDF no link:
http://www.sbe.com.br/sbenoticias/SBENoticias_044.pdf

Carste 2007

Geologists reveal secrets behind supervolcano eruption

"Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have discovered what likely triggered the eruption of a "supervolcano" that coated much of the western half of the United States with ash fallout 760,000 years ago.
Using a new technique developed at Rensselaer, the team determined that there was a massive injection of hot magma underneath the surface of what is now the Long Valley Caldera in California some time within 100 years of the gigantic volcano’s eruption. The findings suggest that this introduction of hot melt led to the immense eruption that formed one of the world’s largest volcanic craters or calderas.
The research, which is featured in the March 2007 edition of the journal Geology, sheds light on what causes these large-scale, explosive eruptions, and it could help geologists develop methods to predict such eruptions in the future, according to David Wark, research professor of earth and environmental sciences at Rensselaer and lead author of the paper.
The 20-mile-long Long Valley Caldera was created when the supervolcano erupted. The geologists focused their efforts on Bishop Tuff, an expanse of rock that was built up as the hot ash cooled following the eruption. The researchers studied the distribution of titanium in quartz crystals in samples taken from Bishop Tuff.
A team from Rensselaer previously discovered that trace levels of titanium can be analyzed to determine the temperature at which the quartz crystallized. By monitoring titanium, Wark and his colleagues confirmed that the outer rims of the quartz had formed at a much hotter temperature than the crystal interiors. The researchers concluded that after the interiors of the quartz crystals had grown, the magma system was "recharged" with an injection of fresh, hot melt. This caused the quartz to partly dissolve, before starting to crystallize again at a much higher temperature.
Analyses of titanium also revealed that the high-temperature rim-growth must have taken place within only 100 years of the massive volcano’s eruption. This suggests that the magma recharge so affected the physical properties of the magma chamber that it caused the supervolcano to erupt and blanket thousands of square miles with searing ash.
"The Long Valley Caldera has been widely studied, but by utilizing titanium in quartz crystals as a geothermometer we were able to provide new insight into the reasons for its last huge eruption," Wark said. "This research will help geologists understand how supervolcanoes work and what may cause them to erupt, and this in turn may someday help predict future eruptions.""

Text from: Eurekalert.org

Scientists study baffling undersea spots where earth's crust is missing

"British scientists have embarked on a mission to study huge spots on the Atlantic seabed where the earth's crust is missing — an enigma that defies geophysical theory and provides an unprecedented peek at the planet's green interior.
The 12-member expedition left the Canary Islands Monday with a new high-tech vessel and a robotic device named Toby that will dig up rock samples at the site and film what it sees.
The main spot — there is at least one other in roughly the same area and a third is suspected — is about 3,500 meters (11,500 feet) under the surface of the Atlantic and located about 2,000 nautical miles southwest of the Spanish archipelago off Africa's coast.
It is part of a globe-spanning ridge of undersea volcanos, the kind of structure that forms when Atlantic tectonic plates separate and lava surges upward to fill the gap in the earth's crust.
But that did not happen this time. Where there should be a 7-kilometer- (4-mile-) thick layer of crust, there is instead that much mantle — the very dense, leafy-green rock that makes up the center of the Earth.

Scientists have seen chunks of mantle that spewed up with lava, but never a large, exposed stretch of seabed like this one.
"It is like a window into the interior of the earth," Bramley Murton, a geophysicist who is taking part in the six-week mission, said Tuesday from the research ship RRS James Cook as it headed to the site, still five days away.
This spot is irregularly shaped, about 50 kilometers (30 miles) long and perhaps that distance or more at its widest. It was detected about five years ago with sonar from a surface vessel.
There are two main theories as to what happened, Murton said: a fault ripped away huge chunks of crust, or in an area of crust-forming volcanoes this spot was mysteriously left out, Murton said.
Fellow geophysicist Roger Searle of Durham University, one of the lead researchers, said the study aims to provide insight on everything from the chemistry of oceans to the mechanisms of how the Earth behaves under so much water.
The robotic device will land on the exposed mantle, deploy a drill and dig into the mantle to bring back samples.
The project is being financed by Britain's National Environment Research Council and the Department of trade and Industry's Large Scientific Facilities Fund."

Text from: Herald Tribune

More info: http://www.noc.soton.ac.uk/gg/classroom@sea/JC007

World's Longest Underground River Discovered in Mexico

" Divers exploring a maze of underwater caves on Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula have identified what may be the longest underground river in the world.
The waterway twists and turns for 95 miles (153 kilometers) through the region's limestone caverns, said British diver Stephen Bogaerts, who made the discovery with German colleague Robbie Schmittner.

In a straight line, the system would span about six miles (ten kilometers) of land.

Bogaerts and Schmittner spent four years exploring using underwater scooters and specially rigged gas tanks to find a connection between the Yucatán region's second and third longest cave systems, known respectively as Sac Actun and Nohoch Nah Chich (Mexico map).
"We expected to have done it by December 2004," Bogaerts said. "But, unfortunately, we were unable to make the connection in the area we were looking in, so we had to look somewhere else."
The team scoured the passages, marking each new twist and turn with carefully labeled rope.
On January 23 the pair headed toward the final connection from opposite sides and used an unopened bottle of champagne to make the final tie-off between the two systems.
"It's a little bit like planting a flag on the moon or the top of [Mt.] Everest," Bogaerts said.
The pair celebrated with a second bottle of champagne on the surface. (...)"

Full text & Photo: Nationalgeographic.com

Deep/Underwater Cave Environments

Deep/Underwater Cave Environments: Comments by William Stone

at the First NASA Risk and Exploration Symposium

"I've come from a rather unusual background in that I came up through engineering school wanting to be an astronaut, but had the good fortune of discovering that there were remaining places to be explored here on Earth in the meantime. As a teenager, I watched a couple of these guys who talked here this morning walk on the Moon. They were my heroes, and it was the U.S. space program that was directly responsible for my going out and getting a Ph.D. in engineering and wanting to work in space. In the process of trying to get into the Astronaut Corps at various times, I have also had the privilege of being involved with a large number of expeditionary projects dealing with things that go down into the Earth as opposed to things that go up. I added it up a little while ago. Over the last 26 years, I've spent 7 1/2 years in the field on expeditions, of which 353 days were below 1,000 meters deep underground, based from subterranean camps. So, I'm either a troglodyte or somebody who's looking for planetary exploration and hasn't been able to get off this pile of rock yet.
What I am going to do here this afternoon is to rapidly take you to three of the most remote places that humans have ever reached inside this planet. This is serious business. It is more serious, in my opinion, than high altitude mountaineering, because of the multidisciplinary nature and the remoteness. I don't consider expeditionary deep caving as something you do for excitement. You do it because it's an opportunity to explore one of the last true frontiers on this planet. The classic distinction on this subject came from arctic explorer Vilhjalmar Steffanson, who once spent five years working solo north of the Arctic Circle. Interviewed about this one time, the reporter asked [Steffanson], "Well, you're an adventurer, aren't you?" He said, "Son, adventure is what happens when exploration goes wrong."
I have had that motto emblazoned upon my heart in letters of gold ever since. You do not get Brownie points for having your name on a tombstone. You have to come back. With that in mind, I have actually taken a lot of cues from how NASA trains its astronauts when preparing for, and staffing, expeditions. In the subterranean world, where we are about to go, it is a gloves-off environment. The exploration front is now getting to the stage where it is so remote and so difficult to reach that no matter what technology we have at our disposal, and no matter how Olympically-trained and fit the people are who are involved with it, we still get stopped. Every time you go for four or five months in the field, if you're lucky, you're a kilometer or two deeper into the planet. I am going to try to give you an idea here just what this world is like. I'm going to show here what would be the equivalent of summitting Everest and K2, but it's all going to be in one continuous trip proceeding down, in order to give you a sequential feel for the logistics and remoteness.
Rising out of the southeastern area of southern Mexico is the Huautla plateau. It jumps straight up about 2,100 meters. The top of it is cratered with gigantic sinkholes. The water that rains on this area for 500 square kilometers all goes internally and, in the process of doing that, it creates some pretty substantially-sized voids. (...)"

Read the Full text: Spaceref.com

Excerpt from: Proceedings from the NASA Administrator's Symposium: "Risk and Exploration: Earth, Sea and the Stars"

VALNERA

En este nuevo weblog encontrareis información sobre las cavidades ubicadas en los Montes Somo y Valnera (Burgos), donde se desarrollan 15 verticales de más de 100 m, profundas cavidades y sistemas subterráneos de desarrollo kilométrico. Día a día iremos incorporando más información.

www.espeleorupo.blogspot.com

Enviado por email por:
Roberto F. García

IJS issue 36(1)(January 2007)

The new issue 36(1)(January 2007) of the International Journal of Speleology is out.

Come and look at the new A4 format , layout and style and see the contents.

Buy it now and subscribe for next year's two issues »

Cave-Biology.org

"INTRODUCTION
A true cave offers a distinct ecological niche as well as a cueless ecosystem. The Cavernicoles (organism lives inside it) provide direct evidence of evolutionary changes. Therefore, it is interesting to know their physiological, ethological genetical changes. The science that deals with the study of organisms underground is called BIOSPELEOLOGY. Study started on this area in the 17th century. True caves are not found everywhere and are inaccessible and dark, further these are dangerous, because they have the property to cave in without any preindications. The cavernicoles have to continue their phylogenetic race in prepetual dark, constant envioronmental conditions, no green edible stuff, under sporadic supply of food etc. Due to these facts cavernicoles usually lost their sensory adaptations, shows behavioural/physiological divergence, low metabolic rates, and mainly complete lack of timing sense. The comparative study of any cavernicole with its nearest epigean ancestor gives very interesting and fruitful result."

Contains:

Recent Research

News letter

Cave Discussion

Image Gallery

Relevant Sites

Site autor: Dr. Jayant Biswas

http://www.cave-biology.org/

29º CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ESPELEOLOGIA

07 a 10/06/2007 - Ouro Preto - MG
www.sbe.com.br/29cbe.asp

A Sociedade Excursionista Espeleológica (SEE), no ano que completa 70 anos dedicados ao estudo das cavernas, convida a todos para a 29º edição do Congresso Brasileiro de Espeleologia, o maior e mais antigo evento de divulgação científica da espeleologia no Brasil.

Ouro Preto-MG, patrimônio Histórico da Humanidade, espera por você. Venha participar das palestras, mini-cursos, sessões técnicas, confraternizações e saídas de campo.Não deixe de inscrever seu trabalho em Espeleologia e áreas afins.);

A data limite para inscrições a preços reduzidos e para o envio de trabalhos é 31/03/2007.

SBE Notícias nº 42, 43 & Conexão Subterrânea n° 47

boletim eletrônico SBE Notícias (edição nº 43 - 01/03/2007)

Esta edição traz as seguintes matérias:
- XVI EPELEO: Relacionando o epígeo ao hipógeo;
- Origem do homem americano é contestada;
- Há 30 anos no subsolo de Portugal;
- Nota de Falecimento: Coronel Pettená;
- Palestra sobre mergulho em cavernas no Brasil;
- Buraco causa pânico em barirro da capital da Guatemala;
- Boletim norte americano de bioespeleologia;
- Reestruturação do PEJ é discutida no Consema;
- Desnível eletrônico nº6
- Foto do Leitor: Gruta das Aranhas (SP-113).

O boletim é editado em formato PDF e pode ser baixado clicando no link:

http://www.sbe.com.br/sbenoticias/SBENoticias_043.pdf




Boletim eletrónico SBE Notícias (edição nº 42 - 21/02/2007)

Esta edição traz as seguintes matérias:
- Maca Task STR é doada à SBE;
- Frio pode ter matado os últimos homens de Neandertal;
- Iscas para morcegos ajudam a regenerar floresta;
- Alemães buscam descendentes de ossadas de 3 mil anos;
- Mergulhadores morrem em cavernas dos EUA;
- Transposição deve perder a licença;
- Foto do Leitor: Gruta do Chapéu (SP-13).


O boletim é editado em formato PDF no link:
http://www.sbe.com.br/sbenoticias/SBENoticias_042.pdf




Conexão Subterrânea n° 47

Nesta edição você saberá mais sobre os seguintes assuntos:

- Los Três Amigos atinge a cota -190m e passa a ser o 7° maior desnível do Estado de São Paulo;
- Sexto número do Desnível Eletrônico é lançado;
- UPE realiza mapeamento e prospecção no PETAR;
- O Parque Estadual das Lauráceas o a Barragem Tijuco Alto;
- Feriado propicia várias frentes de trabalho no PETAR;
- Resenha: 15 Aventuras Debaixo da Terra;
- Revista BRASIL SUBTERRÂNEO está em fase de elaboração;
- A mais extensa caverna subaquática;
- Carste 2007 – II Encontro Brasileiro de Estudos do Carste - ocorrerá em São Paulo;
- Associação dos Espeleólogos de Cintra, Portugal, completa 30 anos;
- Expedição internacional na Índia é ameaçada por mineradores;
- Nova tecnologia em iluminação está em fase de testes;
- Fósseis de 69 espécies são descobertos em caverna na Austrália;
- Conexão Subterrâna passa por reestruturação;
- Moradores de vila subterrânea na China recusam a se mudar;
- Normas da Mapoteca Digital da Redespeleo são divulgadas;
- Tragédia em gruta vulcânica nas Ilhas Canárias, Espanha;
- Guano de morcego vale ouro na Turquia;
- “Hobbit” é de fato nova espécie, diz estudo;
- Cientistas são proibidos de pesquisar caverna nos Estados Unidos;
- Robô irá explorar uma das mais profundas cavernas alagadas do mundo.


Para obter os números anteriores: www.redespeleo.org.br